Pygameボタンシングルクリック

Question

クリックイベントのためにpygameでボタンを作成しました。しかし、マウスのボタンをクリックすると問題があります。ボタンの境界線の間でマウスを動かすと、クリックイベントが繰り返されます。 マウスボタンを離すまでは、ワンクリックしたいだけです。 どうすれば作れますか？

import pygame,time 
pygame.init() 
x,y = (200,300) 
pencere = pygame.display.set_mode((x,y)) 
pygame.display.set_caption("Click") 

white = (255,255,255) 
black = (0,0,0) 
black2 = (30,30,30) 

class Counter: 
    count = 0 
    def click(self): 
     self.count += 1 

number = Counter() 
def text_objects(text, font, color): 
    textSurface = font.render(text, True, color) 
    return textSurface, textSurface.get_rect() 

def button(msg,x,y,w,h,c,ic,action=None): 
    mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos() 
    click = pygame.mouse.get_pressed() 
    pygame.draw.rect(pencere, c,(x,y,w,h)) 

    smallText = pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf",20) 
    textSurf, textRect = text_objects(msg, smallText, white) 
    textRect.center = ((x+(w/2)), (y+(h/2))) 
    pencere.blit(textSurf, textRect) 

    if x+w > mouse[0] > x and y+h > mouse[1] > y: 
     pygame.draw.rect(pencere, ic,(x,y,w,h)) 
     if click[0] == 1 != None: 
      action() 
     smallText = pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf",20) 
     textSurf, textRect = text_objects(msg, smallText, white) 
     textRect.center = ((x+(w/2)), (y+(h/2))) 
     pencere.blit(textSurf, textRect) 
def loop(): 
    cikis = False 
    while not cikis: 
     for event in pygame.event.get(): 
      if event.type == pygame.QUIT: 
       cikis = True 
       pygame.quit() 
       quit() 
      pencere.fill(white) 
      smallText = pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf",50) 
      textSurf, textRect = text_objects(str(number.count), smallText, black) 
      textRect.center = ((x/2)), (30) 
      pencere.blit(textSurf, textRect) 
      button("Click",0,100,200,200,black,black2,number.click) 
      pygame.display.update() 
loop() 
pygame.quit() 
quit() 

Answer 1

変更しなければならないいくつかのことがあります。

描画やボタンのコードがイベントループではなく、外側のwhileループであってはならないが。イベントが発生するたびに（たとえばマウスが動いた場合）、button関数を呼び出すことになります。

button機能が多すぎます。テキストサーフェスを作成およびブリットし、矩形を描画し、衝突をチェックし、clickメソッドを呼び出します。

pygame.mouse.get_pressed()を使用せず、代わりにイベントループでMOUSEBUTTONDOWNイベントを処理する必要があります。 mouse.get_pressedは、マウスのボタンが押されたかどうかをチェックし、シングルクリックが発生していないかどうかをチェックします。

ここでは、ボタンなしの機能とボタンなしの簡単なソリューションを紹介します。私は衝突を処理し、イベントループの番号を更新します。いくつかのボタンを作成したい場合は、オブジェクト指向の方法で書き直すことをお勧めします（必要な場合は例を示します）。

import pygame 


pygame.init() 
width, height = (200,300) 
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((width, height)) 

WHITE = (255, 255, 255) 
BLACK = (0, 0, 0) 
GRAY = (30, 30, 30) 
FONT = pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf", 50) 


def loop(): 
    clock = pygame.time.Clock() 
    number = 0 
    # The button is just a rect. 
    button = pygame.Rect(0, 100, 200, 200) 
    done = False 
    while not done: 
     for event in pygame.event.get(): 
      if event.type == pygame.QUIT: 
       done = True 
      # This block is executed once for each MOUSEBUTTONDOWN event. 
      elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: 
       # 1 is the left mouse button, 2 is middle, 3 is right. 
       if event.button == 1: 
        # `event.pos` is the mouse position. 
        if button.collidepoint(event.pos): 
         # Increment the number. 
         number += 1 

     screen.fill(WHITE) 
     pygame.draw.rect(screen, GRAY, button) 
     text_surf = FONT.render(str(number), True, BLACK) 
     # You can pass the center directly to the `get_rect` method. 
     text_rect = text_surf.get_rect(center=(width/2, 30)) 
     screen.blit(text_surf, text_rect) 
     pygame.display.update() 

     clock.tick(30) 


loop() 
pygame.quit() 

---

補遺： Iはpygame.sprite.Spriteのサブクラスであり、スプライトのグループに追加することができるButtonクラスを有するオブジェクト指向の溶液を使用することをお勧めします。自分の画像をButtonクラスに渡すか、デフォルトの画像を使用することができます。 handle_eventメソッドで呼び出され、ゲームクラスの特定の属性を更新するコールバック関数またはメソッドを各ボタンインスタンスに渡す必要があります（ここでは、カウンタをインクリメントするメソッドとゲームを終了するメソッドがあります）。

import pygame as pg 


pg.init() 
screen = pg.display.set_mode((800, 600)) 
FONT = pg.font.SysFont('Comic Sans MS', 32) 
# Default button images/pygame.Surfaces. 
IMAGE_NORMAL = pg.Surface((100, 32)) 
IMAGE_NORMAL.fill(pg.Color('dodgerblue1')) 
IMAGE_HOVER = pg.Surface((100, 32)) 
IMAGE_HOVER.fill(pg.Color('lightskyblue')) 
IMAGE_DOWN = pg.Surface((100, 32)) 
IMAGE_DOWN.fill(pg.Color('aquamarine1')) 


# Button is a sprite subclass, that means it can be added to a sprite group. 
# You can draw and update all sprites in a group by 
# calling `group.update()` and `group.draw(screen)`. 
class Button(pg.sprite.Sprite): 

    def __init__(self, x, y, width, height, callback, 
       font=FONT, text='', text_color=(0, 0, 0), 
       image_normal=IMAGE_NORMAL, image_hover=IMAGE_HOVER, 
       image_down=IMAGE_DOWN): 
     super().__init__() 
     # Scale the images to the desired size (doesn't modify the originals). 
     self.image_normal = pg.transform.scale(image_normal, (width, height)) 
     self.image_hover = pg.transform.scale(image_hover, (width, height)) 
     self.image_down = pg.transform.scale(image_down, (width, height)) 

     self.image = self.image_normal # The currently active image. 
     self.rect = self.image.get_rect(topleft=(x, y)) 
     # To center the text rect. 
     image_center = self.image.get_rect().center 
     text_surf = font.render(text, True, text_color) 
     text_rect = text_surf.get_rect(center=image_center) 
     # Blit the text onto the images. 
     for image in (self.image_normal, self.image_hover, self.image_down): 
      image.blit(text_surf, text_rect) 

     # This function will be called when the button gets pressed. 
     self.callback = callback 
     self.button_down = False 

    def handle_event(self, event): 
     if event.type == pg.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: 
      if self.rect.collidepoint(event.pos): 
       self.image = self.image_down 
       self.button_down = True 
     elif event.type == pg.MOUSEBUTTONUP: 
      # If the rect collides with the mouse pos. 
      if self.rect.collidepoint(event.pos) and self.button_down: 
       self.callback() # Call the function. 
       self.image = self.image_hover 
      self.button_down = False 
     elif event.type == pg.MOUSEMOTION: 
      collided = self.rect.collidepoint(event.pos) 
      if collided and not self.button_down: 
       self.image = self.image_hover 
      elif not collided: 
       self.image = self.image_normal 


class Game: 

    def __init__(self, screen): 
     self.done = False 
     self.clock = pg.time.Clock() 
     self.screen = screen 
     # Contains all sprites. Also put the button sprites into a 
     # separate group in your own game. 
     self.all_sprites = pg.sprite.Group() 
     self.number = 0 
     # Create the button instances. You can pass your own images here. 
     self.start_button = Button(
      320, 70, 170, 65, self.increment_number, 
      FONT, 'Increment', (255, 255, 255), 
      IMAGE_NORMAL, IMAGE_HOVER, IMAGE_DOWN) 
     # If you don't pass images, the default images will be used. 
     self.quit_button = Button(
      320, 240, 170, 65, self.quit_game, 
      FONT, 'Quit', (255, 255, 255)) 
     # Add the button sprites to the sprite group. 
     self.all_sprites.add(self.start_button, self.quit_button) 

    def quit_game(self): 
     """Callback method to quit the game.""" 
     self.done = True 

    def increment_number(self): 
     """Callback method to increment the number.""" 
     self.number += 1 
     print(self.number) 

    def run(self): 
     while not self.done: 
      self.dt = self.clock.tick(30)/1000 
      self.handle_events() 
      self.run_logic() 
      self.draw() 

    def handle_events(self): 
     for event in pg.event.get(): 
      if event.type == pg.QUIT: 
       self.done = True 
      for button in self.all_sprites: 
       button.handle_event(event) 

    def run_logic(self): 
     self.all_sprites.update(self.dt) 

    def draw(self): 
     self.screen.fill((30, 30, 30)) 
     self.all_sprites.draw(self.screen) 
     pg.display.flip() 


if __name__ == '__main__': 
    pg.init() 
    Game(screen).run() 
    pg.quit() 

---

補遺2：辞書などのボタンを有する中間溶液。リストを使用することも可能ですが、辞書は読みやすくなります。

import pygame 


pygame.init() 

WHITE = (255, 255, 255) 
ACTIVE_COLOR = pygame.Color('dodgerblue1') 
INACTIVE_COLOR = pygame.Color('dodgerblue4') 
FONT = pygame.font.Font(None, 50) 


def draw_button(button, screen): 
    """Draw the button rect and the text surface.""" 
    pygame.draw.rect(screen, button['color'], button['rect']) 
    screen.blit(button['text'], button['text rect']) 


def create_button(x, y, w, h, text, callback): 
    """A button is a dictionary that contains the relevant data. 

    Consists of a rect, text surface and text rect, color and a 
    callback function. 
    """ 
    # The button is a dictionary consisting of the rect, text, 
    # text rect, color and the callback function. 
    text_surf = FONT.render(text, True, WHITE) 
    button_rect = pygame.Rect(x, y, w, h) 
    text_rect = text_surf.get_rect(center=button_rect.center) 
    button = { 
     'rect': button_rect, 
     'text': text_surf, 
     'text rect': text_rect, 
     'color': INACTIVE_COLOR, 
     'callback': callback, 
     } 
    return button 


def main(): 
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480)) 
    clock = pygame.time.Clock() 
    done = False 

    number = 0 

    def increment_number(): # A callback function for the button. 
     """Increment the `number` in the enclosing scope.""" 
     nonlocal number 
     number += 1 
     print(number) 

    def quit_game(): # A callback function for the button. 
     nonlocal done 
     done = True 

    button1 = create_button(100, 100, 250, 80, 'Click me!', increment_number) 
    button2 = create_button(100, 200, 250, 80, 'Me too!', quit_game) 
    # A list that contains all buttons. 
    button_list = [button1, button2] 

    while not done: 
     for event in pygame.event.get(): 
      if event.type == pygame.QUIT: 
       done = True 
      # This block is executed once for each MOUSEBUTTONDOWN event. 
      elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: 
       # 1 is the left mouse button, 2 is middle, 3 is right. 
       if event.button == 1: 
        for button in button_list: 
         # `event.pos` is the mouse position. 
         if button['rect'].collidepoint(event.pos): 
          # Increment the number by calling the callback 
          # function in the button list. 
          button['callback']() 
      elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEMOTION: 
       # When the mouse gets moved, change the color of the 
       # buttons if they collide with the mouse. 
       for button in button_list: 
        if button['rect'].collidepoint(event.pos): 
         button['color'] = ACTIVE_COLOR 
        else: 
         button['color'] = INACTIVE_COLOR 

     screen.fill(WHITE) 
     for button in button_list: 
      draw_button(button, screen) 
     pygame.display.update() 
     clock.tick(30) 


main() 
pygame.quit()