Python：OpenGLエラー1280無効な列挙型glEnd（）

Question

私はカーネルとOpenGL（以下のコード）にNumbaを使ってPythonで懐中電灯アプリを作成しています。これは非常に終了していますが、実行するとglEndエラー1280でエラーが発生します。コード実行時の端末出力も以下のとおりです。問題の原因を正確に把握することができず、それを絞り込むことが非常に役立つでしょう。

from OpenGL.GL import * 
from OpenGL.GLUT import * 
from OpenGL.GLU import * 
from OpenGL.GL.ARB.vertex_buffer_object import * 
from OpenGL.GL.ARB.pixel_buffer_object import * 

import numpy as np 
import sys 
import pycuda.gl as cuda_gl 
import pycuda.driver as cuda_driver 

import math 
from numba import jit, cuda as nbcuda 

W = 600 
H = 600 
loc = np.array([W/2, H/2], dtype = 'float32') 
dragMode = False 

TX = 32 
TY = 32 

pbo, tex, pycuda_pbo, distanceKernel = [None] * 4 

class ExternalMemory(object): 
    """ 
    Provide an externally managed memory. 

    Interface requirement: __cuda_memory__, device_ctypes_pointer, _cuda_memize_ 
    """ 
    __cuda_memory__ = True 

    def __init__(self, ptr, size): 
     self.device_ctypes_pointer = ctypes.c_void_p(ptr) 
     self._cuda_memsize_ = size 

def render(): 
    global pycuda_pbo, pbo 
    assert pbo is not None 

    pycuda_pbo.unregister() 

    glBindBufferARB(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER_ARB, long(pbo)) 

    pycuda_pbo = cuda_gl.BufferObject(long(pbo)) 

    pbo_mapping = pycuda_pbo.map() 

    source_ptr = ExternalMemory(pbo_mapping.device_ptr(), W*H * 4) 

    d_out = nbcuda.devicearray.DeviceNDArray(shape = W*H * 4, 
              strides = (1,), 
              dtype = np.dtype('uint8'), 
              gpu_data = source_ptr) 

    blockSize = (TX, TY) 
    gridSize = ((W + TX - 1)/TX, (H + TY - 1)/TY) 
    distanceKernel[gridSize, blockSize](d_out, W, H, loc) 

    cuda_driver.Context.synchronize() 

    pbo_mapping.unmap() 

    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, tex) 

def drawTexture(): 
    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, W, H, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, None) 
    glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D) 
    glBegin(GL_TEXTURE_2D) 
    glBegin(GL_QUADS) 
    glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0); glVertex2f(0,0) 
    glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0); glVertex2f(0,H) 
    glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0); glVertex2f(W,H) 
    glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0); glVertex2f(W,0) 
    glEnd() 
    glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D) 

def display(): 
    render() 
    drawTexture() 
    glutSwapBuffers() 

def create_PBO(): 
    global pbo, pycuda_pbo 

    data = np.zeros((W*H,4), dtype = 'uint8') 

    pbo = glGenBuffers(1) 
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, pbo) 
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, data, GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW) 
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0) 
    pycuda_pbo = cuda_gl.BufferObject(long(pbo)) 

def create_texture(): 
    global tex 

    tex = glGenTextures(1) 
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, tex) 
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST) 

def exitfunc(): 
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, long(pbo)) 
    glDeleteBuffers(1, long(pbo)); 
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0) 
    pbo = None 

    glDeleteTextures(tex); 
    tex = None 

def keyboard(key, x, y): 
    if key == '\033': #\033 is escape key 
     exit() 
    elif key == 'a': 
     dragMode = not dragMode 
    elif key == 27: 
     exit() 
    glutPostRedisplay() 

def mouseMove(x, y): 
    if dragMode == True: 
     loc[0] = x 
     loc[1] = y 
    glutPostRedisplay() 

def mouseDrag(x, y): 
    if dragMode == False: 
     loc[0] = x 
     loc[1] = y 
    glutPostRedisplay() 

def handleSpecialKeypress(key, x, y): 
    if key == GLUT_KEY_LEFT: 
     loc[0] -= DELTA 
    if key == GLUT_KEY_RIGHT: 
     loc[0] += DELTA 
    if key == GLUT_KEY_UP: 
     loc[1] -= DELTA 
    if key == GLUT_KEY_DOWN: 
     loc[1] += DELTA 
    glutPostRedisplay() 

def printInstructions(): 
    print "flashlight instructions" 
    print "a: toggle mouse tracking mode" 
    print "arrow keys: move ref location" 
    print "esc: close graphics window" 

def main(): 
    global cuda_gl, cuda_driver, distanceKernel 

    printInstructions(); 
    glutInit(sys.argv) 
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DOUBLE) 
    glutCreateWindow("flashlight: distance image display app") 
    gluOrtho2D(0, W, H, 0) 
    glutDisplayFunc(display) 
    glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard) 
    glutSpecialFunc(handleSpecialKeypress) 
    glutPassiveMotionFunc(mouseMove) 
    glutMotionFunc(mouseDrag) 

    create_texture() 

    #Sets up GL interop 
    import pycuda.gl.autoinit 
    import pycuda.gl 
    cuda_gl = pycuda.gl 
    cuda_driver = pycuda.driver 

    # force compilation here 
    @nbcuda.jit(device = True) 
    def clip(n): 
     if n > 255: 
      n = 255 
     elif n < 0: 
      n = 0 
     return n 

    @nbcuda.jit("(uint8[::1], int32, int32, float32[::1])") 
    def distanceKernel(d_out, w, h, pos): 
     c = nbcuda.blockIdx.x*nbcuda.blockDim.x + nbcuda.threadIdx.x 
     r = nbcuda.blockIdx.y*nbcuda.blockDim.y + nbcuda.threadIdx.y 
     i = (r*w + c) * 4 

     if c >= w or r >= h: 
      return 

     d = math.sqrt((c - pos[0]) * (c - pos[0]) + (r - pos[1]) * (r - pos[1])) 

     intensity = clip(255 - d) 

     d_out[i] = intensity 
     d_out[i+1] = intensity 
     d_out[i+2] = 0 
     d_out[i+3] = 255 

    create_PBO() 

    glutMainLoop() 
    atexit(exitfunc) 

main() 

これは、OpenGLは、このラインから来るかもしれない

flashlight instructions 
a: toggle mouse tracking mode 
arrow keys: move ref location 
esc: close graphics window 
cuInit 
cuDeviceGetCount 
cuDeviceGetCount 
cuDeviceGet 
cuGLCtxCreate 
cuCtxGetDevice 
cuGLRegisterBufferObject 
cuGLUnregisterBufferObject 
cuGLRegisterBufferObject 
cuGLMapBufferObject 
cuCtxSynchronize 
cuGLUnmapBufferObject 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
    File "_ctypes/callbacks.c", line 314, in 'calling callback function' 
    File "stackcode.py", line 80, in display 
    drawTexture() 
    File "stackcode.py", line 75, in drawTexture 
    glEnd() 
    File "latebind.pyx", line 44, in OpenGL_accelerate.latebind.Curry.__call__ (src/latebind.c:1201) 
    File "/home/uchytilc/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/OpenGL/GL/exceptional.py", line 46, in glEnd 
    return baseFunction() 
    File "/home/uchytilc/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/OpenGL/platform/baseplatform.py", line 402, in __call__ 
    return self(*args, **named) 
    File "errorchecker.pyx", line 53, in OpenGL_accelerate.errorchecker._ErrorChecker.glCheckError (src/errorchecker.c:1218) 
OpenGL.error.GLError: GLError(
    err = 1280, 
    description = 'invalid enumerant', 
    baseOperation = glEnd, 
    cArguments =() 
) 
cuCtxPopCurrent 
cuCtxPushCurrent 
cuGLUnregisterBufferObject 
cuGLUnregisterBufferObject failed with code 1 
PyCUDA WARNING: a clean-up operation failed (dead context maybe?) 
cuGLUnregisterBufferObject failed: invalid argument 
cuCtxPopCurrent 
cuCtxPushCurrent 
cuCtxDetach 

Answer 1

問題を実行時に端末が出してくれるものです：

glBegin(GL_TEXTURE_2D) 

glBeginは、このパラメータを許可しません。これはプリミティブ型（TEXTURE_2Dではない）のみを受け入れます。サポートされている値については、documentationをご覧ください。