Django REST：ネストされたModelSerializerでデータをPOSTおよびPUTする方法

Question

私はDjangoの初心者で、既にGETデータです。いくつかのJSONの 一部を次のように

{ 
    "pk": 4, 
    "account": "user4", 
    "password": "5340", 
    "UserDatas": { 
     "memberAccount_id": 4, 
     "username": "Dylan", 
     "gender": true, 
     "score": 100, 
     "photo": "photos/2016/05/16/avatar.png", 
     "TaskDatas": [ 
      { 
       "userData_id": 4, 
       "task_name": "make a phone call", 
       "task_is_group": false, 
       "task_time": "2015/05/18", 
       "task_score": 2, 
       "task_member_list": "", 
       "task_bulletin": "phone number is 1234-5678" 
      } 
     ], 
     "FriendsDatas": [], 
     "ChatroomDatas": [] 
    } 
}, 

これは私のmodels.pyある

class MemberAccount(models.Model): 
    account = models.CharField(max_length=50) 
    password = models.CharField(max_length=30) 

    def __str__(self): 
     return "%s : %s" % (self.account, self.password) 

class UserData(models.Model): 
    memberAccount_id = models.OneToOneField(
     MemberAccount, 
     on_delete=models.CASCADE, 
     primary_key=True, 
     related_name='UserDatas', 
     blank=True 
    ) 
    username = models.CharField(max_length=30, default="") 
    gender = models.BooleanField() 
    score = models.IntegerField() 
    photo = models.ImageField(upload_to ="photos/%Y/%m/%d/", null=True ,blank=True) 

    class Meta: 
     unique_together = ('memberAccount_id', 'username') 
     order_with_respect_to = 'memberAccount_id' 

    def __str__(self): 
     return "%s : %s" % (self.memberAccount_id, self.username) 

class TaskData(models.Model): 
    userData_id = models.ForeignKey(UserData, related_name='TaskDatas', null=True) 
    task_name = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="") 
    task_is_group = models.BooleanField() 
    task_time= models.CharField(max_length=30) 
    task_score = models.IntegerField() 
    task_member_list = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True ,blank=True) 
    task_bulletin = models.TextField(blank=True, default='') 

    class Meta: 
     unique_together = ('userData_id', 'task_name') 
     order_with_respect_to = 'userData_id' 

    def __str__(self): 
     return "%s : %s" % (self.userData_id, self.task_name) 

class ChatroomData(models.Model): 
    userdata_cid = models.ForeignKey(UserData, related_name='ChatroomDatas', null=True, blank=True) 
    chatroom_member = models.CharField(max_length=30) 
    chatroom_contents = models.TextField(blank=True, default='') 

    def __str__(self): 
    # 在Python3中使用 def __str__(self) 
    return "%s : %s" % (self.userdata_cid, self.chatroom_member) 


class FriendsData(models.Model): 
    usersData_id = models.ForeignKey(UserData, related_name='FriendsDatas', null=True) 
    friend_name = models.CharField(max_length=30) 
    friend_account = models.CharField(max_length=50) 

    class Meta: 
     unique_together = ('usersData_id', 'friend_name') 
     order_with_respect_to = 'usersData_id' 

    def __str__(self): 
    # 在Python3中使用 def __str__(self) 
     return "%s : %s" % (self.usersData_id, self.friend_name) 

class SubtaskData(models.Model): 
    taskData_id = models.ForeignKey(TaskData, related_name='SubtaskDatas', null=True) 
    subtask_name = models.CharField(max_length=100) 
    subtask_deadline = models.CharField(max_length=30) 
    subtask_completion= models.IntegerField() 
    subtask_importance = models.IntegerField() 
    subtask_item = models.TextField(blank=True, default='') 


    class Meta: 
     unique_together = ('taskData_id', 'subtask_name') 
     order_with_respect_to = 'taskData_id' 

    def __str__(self): 
    # 在Python3中使用 def __str__(self) 
     return "%s : %s" % (self.taskData_id, self.subtask_name) 

views.py

@api_view(['GET','POST']) 
def jobterm_list(request, format=None): 

    if request.method=="GET": 
     MemberAccounts =list(MemberAccount.objects.all()) 
     serializer = MemberAccountSerializer(MemberAccounts,many=True) 
     return Response(serializer.data) 


    elif request.method == 'POST': 
     #print (request.body) 
     serializer = MemberAccountSerializer(data=request.data) 

     if serializer.is_valid(): 
      serializer.save() 
      return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED) 
     else: 
      return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST) 



@api_view(['GET', 'PUT', 'DELETE']) # 
def jobterm_detial(request,pk, format=None): 
    try: 
     member_Account = MemberAccount.objects.get(pk=pk) 
    except MemberAccount.DoesNotExist: 
     return Response(status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND) 

    if request.method == "GET": 
     serializer = MemberAccountSerializer(member_Account) 
     return Response(serializer.data) 

    elif request.method == "PUT": 
     serializer = MemberAccountSerializer(member_Account,data=request.data) 
     if serializer.is_valid(): 
      serializer.save() 
      return Response(serializer.data) 
     else: 
      return Response(serializer.errors,status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST) 

    elif request.method == "DELETE": 
     member_Account.delete() 
     return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT) 

serializer.py

class ChatroomDataSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): 
    class Meta: 
     model = ChatroomData 
     fields = ("userdata_cid", "chatroom_member", "chatroom_contents") 

class TaskDataSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): 
    class Meta: 
     model = TaskData 
     fields = ("userData_id", "task_name", "task_is_group", 
       "task_time", "task_score", "task_member_list", 
       "task_bulletin") 

class FriendsDataSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): 
    class Meta: 
     model = FriendsData 
     fields = ("usersData_id","friend_name","friend_account") 

class UserDataSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): 
    TaskDatas = TaskDataSerializer(many = True) 
    FriendsDatas = FriendsDataSerializer(many = True) 
    ChatroomDatas = ChatroomDataSerializer(many = True) 
    class Meta: 
     model = UserData 
     fields = ("memberAccount_id","username","gender","score", 
       "photo","TaskDatas","FriendsDatas","ChatroomDatas") 

class MemberAccountSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): 
    UserDatas = UserDataSerializer(required = False) 
    class Meta: 
     model = MemberAccount 
     fields = ("pk","account","password","UserDatas") 

class SubtaskDataSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): 
    class Meta: 
     model = SubtaskData 
     fields = ("taskData_id","subtask_name","subtask_deadline","subtask_completion", 
       "subtask_importance","subtask_item") 

私がしようcreate（）およびserializer.pyのupdate（）メソッドをPOST jsonに渡しますが、リンクするレイヤーが多すぎます。私はこれについて考えていない。

以下は私の作成メソッドですが、これはMemberAccountとUserDataのみをPOSTできます。

def create(self, validated_data): 

    memberaccount = MemberAccount.objects.create(account = validated_data['account'], 
               password = validated_data['password']) 

    User_Datas = validated_data.pop('UserDatas') 

    for item in User_Datas: 
     userdata = UserData.objects.create(username = User_Datas.get('username'), 
           gender = User_Datas.get('gender'), 
           score = User_Datas.get('score'), 
           photo = User_Datas.get('photo')) 

     userdata.save() 
    return memberaccount 

POSTのJSONメッセージ：

{"account":"try3","password":"8493","UserDatas":{"memberAccount_id":0,"username":"Amy","gender":false,"score":100,"photo":null,"TaskDatas":[],"FriendsDatas":[],"ChatroomDatas": []}} 

Answer 1

に対処する必要がある場合がありますこれに応じて、次のような関連モデルを作成します。

def create(self, validated_data): 

    memberaccount = MemberAccount.objects.create(account = validated_data['account'], 
              password = validated_data['password']) 
    memberaccount.save() 
    User_Datas = validated_data.pop('UserDatas') 

    userdata = UserData.objects.create(username = User_Datas.get('username'), 
     gender = User_Datas.get('gender'), 
     score = User_Datas.get('score'), 
     photo = User_Datas.get('photo'),) 
    userdata.memberAccount_id = memberaccount 

    userdata.save() 

    Task_Datas = User_Datas.get('TaskDatas') 
    for task in Task_Datas: 
     taskdata = TaskData(
      task_name = task.get('task_name'), 
      task_is_group = task.get('task_is_group'), 
      task_time = task.get('task_time'), 
      task_score = task.get('task_score'), 
      task_member_list = task.get('task_member_list'), 
      task_bulletin = task.get('task_bulletin'), 
     ) 
     taskdata.userData_id = userdata 
     taskdata.save() 

    return memberaccount 

Answer 2

これらは私が見るオプションは次のとおりです。

• あなたは原子性を気にしない場合は、チェーンPOST呼び出しのセットを作成することができます（このオプションはお勧めしません）
• フロントエンドのUI/UXを分割して、データを分離して扱いやすくします。たとえば、それぞれのパネルが異なる
• 編集時に保存する（フロントエンドで）ため、小さなデータを同期させることができます。
• ビュー（バックエンド）でデータを処理します。原子性も扱う必要がありますが、バリデーターに頼ることができます。この場合、あなたはそれらのそれぞれのシリアライザのインス​​タンスを作成する必要が
• プロパティなどのシリアライザのリストとネストされたシリアライザを作成しますが、あなたが言ったように、あなただけの保存、複数の層