Rのラスタパッケージは、GeoTIFFの正と負の回転を区別していないようです。 Rは回転行列の負の符号を無視しているからです。私は確認するためにraster
ソースコードを掘り下げるほど精通していませんが、問題を示す再現可能な例を作成しました:Rの「ラスタ」パッケージを作成すると、GeoTIFFの正と負の回転行列が区別されますか?
R
のロゴを読み取り、GeoTIFFとして保存してください。
library(raster)
b <- brick(system.file("external/rlogo.grd", package="raster"))
proj4string(b) <- crs("+init=epsg:32616")
writeRaster(b, "R.tif")
R
に回転TIFFファイルにはPython
import sys
from osgeo import gdal
from osgeo import osr
import numpy as np
from math import *
def array2TIFF(inputArray,gdalData,datatype,angle,noData,outputTIFF):
# this script takes a numpy array and saves it to a geotiff
# given a gdal.Dataset object describing the spatial atributes of the data set
# the array datatype (as a gdal object) and the name of the output raster, and rotation angle in degrees
# get the file format driver, in this case the file will be saved as a GeoTIFF
driver = gdal.GetDriverByName("GTIFF")
#set the output raster properties
tiff = driver.Create(outputTIFF,gdalData.RasterXSize,gdalData.RasterYSize,inputArray.shape[0],datatype)
transform = []
originX = gdalData.GetGeoTransform()[0]
cellSizeX = gdalData.GetGeoTransform()[1]
originY = gdalData.GetGeoTransform()[3]
cellSizeY = gdalData.GetGeoTransform()[5]
rotation = np.radians(angle)
transform.append(originX)
transform.append(cos(rotation) * cellSizeX)
transform.append(sin(rotation) * cellSizeX)
transform.append(originY)
transform.append(-sin(rotation) * cellSizeY)
transform.append(cos(rotation) * cellSizeY)
transform = tuple(transform)
#set the geotransofrm values which include corner coordinates and cell size
#once again we can use the original geotransform data because nothing has been changed
tiff.SetGeoTransform(transform)
#next the Projection info is defined using the original data
tiff.SetProjection(gdalData.GetProjection())
#cycle through each band
for band in range(inputArray.shape[0]):
#the data is written to the first raster band in the image
tiff.GetRasterBand(band+1).WriteArray(inputArray[band])
#set no data value
tiff.GetRasterBand(band+1).SetNoDataValue(0)
#the file is written to the disk once the driver variables are deleted
del tiff, driver
inputTif = gdal.Open("R.tif")
inputArray = inputTif.ReadAsArray()
array2TIFF(inputArray,inputTif, gdal.GDT_Float64, -45, 0, "R_neg45.tif")
array2TIFF(inputArray,inputTif, gdal.GDT_Float64, 45, 0, "R_pos45.tif")
読むとtiffへの回転を追加します。
c <- brick("R_neg45.tif")
plotRGB(c,1,2,3)
d <- brick("R_pos45.tif")
plotRGB(d,1,2,3)
> c
class : RasterBrick
rotated : TRUE
dimensions : 77, 101, 7777, 3 (nrow, ncol, ncell, nlayers)
resolution : 0.7071068, 0.7071068 (x, y)
extent : 0, 125.865, 22.55278, 148.4178 (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
coord. ref. : +proj=utm +zone=16 +datum=WGS84 +units=m +no_defs +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0
data source : /Users/erker/g/projects/uft/code/R_neg45.tif
names : R_neg45.1, R_neg45.2, R_neg45.3
> d
class : RasterBrick
rotated : TRUE
dimensions : 77, 101, 7777, 3 (nrow, ncol, ncell, nlayers)
resolution : 0.7071068, 0.7071068 (x, y)
extent : 0, 125.865, 22.55278, 148.4178 (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
coord. ref. : +proj=utm +zone=16 +datum=WGS84 +units=m +no_defs +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0
data source : /Users/erker/g/projects/uft/code/R_pos45.tif
names : R_pos45.1, R_pos45.2, R_pos45.3
プロットは同じであり、同等の範囲に注意してください。しかし、gdalinfo
は
$ gdalinfo R_neg45.tif
Driver: GTiff/GeoTIFF
Files: R_neg45.tif
Size is 101, 77
Coordinate System is:
PROJCS["WGS 84/UTM zone 16N",
GEOGCS["WGS 84",
DATUM["WGS_1984",
SPHEROID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]],
AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],
PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],
UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]],
PROJECTION["Transverse_Mercator"],
PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",0],
PARAMETER["central_meridian",-87],
PARAMETER["scale_factor",0.9996],
PARAMETER["false_easting",500000],
PARAMETER["false_northing",0],
UNIT["metre",1,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","9001"]],
AUTHORITY["EPSG","32616"]]
GeoTransform =
0, 0.7071067811865476, -0.7071067811865475
77, -0.7071067811865475, -0.7071067811865476
Metadata:
AREA_OR_POINT=Area
Image Structure Metadata:
INTERLEAVE=PIXEL
Corner Coordinates:
Upper Left ( 0.0000000, 77.0000000) (91d29'19.48"W, 0d 0' 2.50"N)
Lower Left (-54.4472222, 22.5527778) (91d29'21.23"W, 0d 0' 0.73"N)
Upper Right ( 71.4177849, 5.5822151) (91d29'17.17"W, 0d 0' 0.18"N)
Lower Right ( 16.9705627, -48.8650071) (91d29'18.93"W, 0d 0' 1.59"S)
Center ( 8.4852814, 14.0674965) (91d29'19.20"W, 0d 0' 0.46"N)
Band 1 Block=101x3 Type=Float64, ColorInterp=Gray
NoData Value=0
Band 2 Block=101x3 Type=Float64, ColorInterp=Undefined
NoData Value=0
Band 3 Block=101x3 Type=Float64, ColorInterp=Undefined
NoData Value=0
$ gdalinfo R_pos45.tif
Driver: GTiff/GeoTIFF
Files: R_pos45.tif
Size is 101, 77
Coordinate System is:
PROJCS["WGS 84/UTM zone 16N",
GEOGCS["WGS 84",
DATUM["WGS_1984",
SPHEROID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]],
AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],
PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],
UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]],
PROJECTION["Transverse_Mercator"],
PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",0],
PARAMETER["central_meridian",-87],
PARAMETER["scale_factor",0.9996],
PARAMETER["false_easting",500000],
PARAMETER["false_northing",0],
UNIT["metre",1,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","9001"]],
AUTHORITY["EPSG","32616"]]
GeoTransform =
0, 0.7071067811865476, 0.7071067811865475
77, 0.7071067811865475, -0.7071067811865476
Metadata:
AREA_OR_POINT=Area
Image Structure Metadata:
INTERLEAVE=PIXEL
Corner Coordinates:
Upper Left ( 0.0000000, 77.0000000) (91d29'19.48"W, 0d 0' 2.50"N)
Lower Left ( 54.4472222, 22.5527778) (91d29'17.72"W, 0d 0' 0.73"N)
Upper Right ( 71.418, 148.418) (91d29'17.17"W, 0d 0' 4.82"N)
Lower Right ( 125.865, 93.971) (91d29'15.42"W, 0d 0' 3.05"N)
Center ( 62.9325035, 85.4852814) (91d29'17.45"W, 0d 0' 2.78"N)
Band 1 Block=101x3 Type=Float64, ColorInterp=Gray
NoData Value=0
Band 2 Block=101x3 Type=Float64, ColorInterp=Undefined
NoData Value=0
Band 3 Block=101x3 Type=Float64, ColorInterp=Undefined
NoData Value=0
異なる物語ですこれはバグ、または私は何かが足りないのですか? raster
パッケージは非常に強力で便利ですが、私はむしろこれらの(非常に面倒くさい)回転したtiffを適切に処理するために他のソフトウェアを使用するよりも多くの機能を追加するのに役立ちます。ありがとう!回転Tiffsに関連するR-sig-Geo mailing postもここにあります。
あなたが尋ねてから約1年ですが、現在のバージョンの 'raster'パッケージでは' raster :::。rasterFromGDAL'を見ると回転したファイルに関する '警告'が表示されます。これが正しい答えであるかどうかは分かりません。 – RolandASc