プラットフォームに依存しないビープ音機能はありますか？

Question

私は自分のつま先を音楽プログラミングに浸しています（私はそれが正しい言葉であるかどうかわかりません）。そして、私は "Mary Lad A Little Lamb"のような簡単な曲を演奏できるプログラムを書くことから始めたいと思います。または "あなたにお誕生日おめでとう"。

私はOS X 10.5を使用しています。ウィンドウのビープ音機能に似ているが、私のMacbookのスピーカーを通して、一定の周波数で特定の周波数を再生するための簡単なAPIはありますか？

私のプログラムはC++またはJavaで記述したいと思っていますが、私は代わりの提案をすることができます。また、オープンソースである限り、第三者のライブラリが関わるソリューションは気にしません。解決策が本当にプラットフォームに依存しないとすれば、それは素晴らしいことですが、今のところ私はそれを私のMacbookで動かす必要があります。

Answer 1

jMusicは、Javaで動作し、Mac OS Xで動作する、かなり良いライブラリです。websiteをチェックアウトすることができます。それは完全なドキュメントと音楽を作るための段階的な指示を持っています。メモを作成するのが簡単であることを示すサンプルは次のとおりです。

Answer 2

Macで動作するかどうかは保証できません。 MacでJavaサウンドを聞いたことがある。完全に台無しだった。それは...

/* 
<applet 
    code='org.pscode.beeper.Beeper' 
    width='300' 
    height='300'> 
<param name='samplerate' value='11025'> 
<param name='fpw' value='40'> 
<param name='addharmonic' value='true'> 
<param name='autoloop' value='true'> 
<param name='loopcount' value='10'> 

<param name='volume' value='45'> 
</applet> 
*/ 
package org.pscode.beeper; 

import java.awt.*; 
import java.awt.event.*; 
import javax.swing.*; 
import javax.swing.event.*; 
import javax.swing.border.*; 
import java.text.DecimalFormat; 

import javax.sound.sampled.*; 

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream; 

/** Beeper presents a small, loopable tone that can be heard 
by clicking on the Code Key. It uses a Clip to loop the sound, 
as well as for access to the Clip's gain control. 
@author Andrew Thompson 
@version 2009-12-19 
@license LGPL */ 
public class Beeper extends JApplet { 

    BeeperPanel bp; 

    public void init() { 
     bp = new BeeperPanel(); 
     getContentPane().add(bp); 
     validate(); 

     String sampleRate = getParameter("samplerate"); 
     if (sampleRate!=null) { 
      try { 
       int sR = Integer.parseInt(sampleRate); 
       bp.setSampleRate(sR); 
      } catch(NumberFormatException useDefault) { 
      } 
     } 

     String fpw = getParameter("fpw"); 
     if (fpw!=null) { 
      try { 
       int fPW = Integer.parseInt(fpw); 
       JSlider slider = bp.getFramesPerWavelengthSlider(); 
       slider.setValue(fPW); 
      } catch(NumberFormatException useDefault) { 
      } 
     } 

     boolean harmonic = (getParameter("addharmonic")!=null); 
     bp.setAddHarmonic(harmonic); 

     bp.setUpSound(); 

     if (getParameter("autoloop")!=null) { 
      String loopcount = getParameter("loopcount"); 
      if (loopcount!=null) { 
       try { 
        Integer lC = Integer.parseInt(loopcount); 
        bp.loop(lC.intValue()); 
       } catch(NumberFormatException doNotLoop) { 
       } 
      } 
     } 
    } 

    public void stop() { 
     bp.loopSound(false); 
    } 

    public static void main(String[] args) { 
     SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() { 
      public void run() { 
       JFrame f = new JFrame("Beeper"); 
       f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); 
       BeeperPanel BeeperPanel = new BeeperPanel(); 
       f.setContentPane(BeeperPanel); 
       f.pack(); 
       try { 
        f.setMinimumSize(f.getSize()); 
       } catch(Exception ignore) { 
       } 
       f.setLocationRelativeTo(null); 
       f.setVisible(true); 
      } 
     }); 
    } 
} 

/** The main UI of Beeper. */ 
class BeeperPanel extends JPanel { 

    JComboBox sampleRate; 
    JSlider framesPerWavelength; 
    JLabel frequency; 
    JCheckBox harmonic; 
    Clip clip; 

    DecimalFormat decimalFormat = new DecimalFormat("###00.00"); 

    BeeperPanel() { 
     super(new BorderLayout()); 
     // Use current OS look and feel. 
     try { 
      UIManager.setLookAndFeel(
       UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName()); 
//    "com.sun.java.swing.plaf.motif.MotifLookAndFeel"); 
//    "com.sun.java.swing.plaf.gtk.GTKLookAndFeel"); 
      SwingUtilities.updateComponentTreeUI(this); 
     } catch (Exception e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
     } 
     setPreferredSize(new Dimension(300,300)); 

     JPanel options = new JPanel(); 
     BoxLayout bl = new BoxLayout(options,BoxLayout.Y_AXIS); 
     options.setLayout(bl); 

     Integer[] rates = { 
      new Integer(8000), 
      new Integer(11025), 
      new Integer(16000), 
      new Integer(22050) 
     }; 
     sampleRate = new JComboBox(rates); 
     sampleRate.setToolTipText("Samples per second"); 
     sampleRate.setSelectedIndex(1); 
     JPanel pSampleRate = new JPanel(new BorderLayout()); 
     pSampleRate.setBorder(new TitledBorder("Sample Rate")); 
     pSampleRate.add(sampleRate); 
     sampleRate.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { 
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) { 
       setUpSound(); 
      } 
     }); 
     options.add(pSampleRate); 

     framesPerWavelength = new JSlider(JSlider.HORIZONTAL,10,200,25); 
     framesPerWavelength.setPaintTicks(true); 
     framesPerWavelength.setMajorTickSpacing(10); 
     framesPerWavelength.setMinorTickSpacing(5); 
     framesPerWavelength.setToolTipText("Frames per Wavelength"); 
     framesPerWavelength.addChangeListener(new ChangeListener(){ 
      public void stateChanged(ChangeEvent ce) { 
       setUpSound(); 
      } 
     }); 

     JPanel pFPW = new JPanel(new BorderLayout()); 
     pFPW.setBorder(new TitledBorder("Frames per Wavelength")); 

     pFPW.add(framesPerWavelength); 
     options.add(pFPW); 

     JPanel bottomOption = new JPanel(new BorderLayout(4,4)); 
     harmonic = new JCheckBox("Add Harmonic", false); 
     harmonic.setToolTipText(
      "Add harmonic to second channel, one octave up"); 
     harmonic.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){ 
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) { 
       setUpSound(); 
      } 
     }); 
     bottomOption.add(harmonic, BorderLayout.WEST); 

     frequency = new JLabel(); 
     bottomOption.add(frequency, BorderLayout.CENTER); 

     options.add(bottomOption); 

     add(options, BorderLayout.NORTH); 

     JPanel play = new JPanel(new BorderLayout(3,3)); 
     play.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(4,4,4,4)); 
     JButton bPlay = new JButton("Code Key"); 
     bPlay.setToolTipText("Click to make tone!"); 
     Dimension preferredSize = bPlay.getPreferredSize(); 
     bPlay.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(
      (int)preferredSize.getWidth(), 
      (int)preferredSize.getHeight()*3)); 

     // TODO comment out to try KeyListener! 
     //bPlay.setFocusable(false); 
     bPlay.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter(){ 
      @Override 
      public void keyPressed(KeyEvent ke) { 
       loopSound(true); 
      } 
     }); 
     bPlay.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() { 
       @Override 
       public void mousePressed(MouseEvent me) { 
        loopSound(true); 
       } 

       @Override 
       public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent me) { 
        loopSound(false); 
       } 
      }); 
     play.add(bPlay); 

     try { 
      clip = AudioSystem.getClip(); 

      final FloatControl control = (FloatControl) 
       clip.getControl(FloatControl.Type.MASTER_GAIN); 

      final JSlider volume = new JSlider(
       JSlider.VERTICAL, 
       (int)control.getMinimum(), 
       (int)control.getMaximum(), 
       (int)control.getValue() 
       ); 
      volume.setToolTipText("Volume of beep"); 
      volume.addChangeListener(new ChangeListener(){ 
       public void stateChanged(ChangeEvent ce) { 
        control.setValue(volume.getValue()); 
       } 
      }); 
      play.add(volume, BorderLayout.EAST); 
     } catch(Exception e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
     } 

     add(play, BorderLayout.CENTER); 

     setUpSound(); 
    } 

    public void loop(int loopcount) { 
     if (clip!=null) { 
      clip.loop(loopcount); 
     } 
    } 

    public void setAddHarmonic(boolean addHarmonic) { 
     harmonic.setSelected(addHarmonic); 
    } 

    /** Provides the slider for determining the # of frames per wavelength, 
    primarily to allow easy adjustment by host classes. */ 
    public JSlider getFramesPerWavelengthSlider() { 
     return framesPerWavelength; 
    } 

    /** Sets the sample rate to one of the four 
    allowable rates. Is ignored otherwise. */ 
    public void setSampleRate(int sR) { 
     switch (sR) { 
      case 8000: 
       sampleRate.setSelectedIndex(0); 
       break; 
      case 11025: 
       sampleRate.setSelectedIndex(1); 
       break; 
      case 16000: 
       sampleRate.setSelectedIndex(2); 
       break; 
      case 22050: 
       sampleRate.setSelectedIndex(3); 
       break; 
      default: 
     } 
    } 

    /** Sets label to current frequency settings. */ 
    public void setFrequencyLabel() { 
     float freq = getFrequency(); 
     if (harmonic.isSelected()) { 
      frequency.setText( 
       decimalFormat.format(freq) + 
       "(/" + 
       decimalFormat.format(freq*2f) + 
       ") Hz"); 
     } else { 
      frequency.setText(decimalFormat.format(freq) + " Hz"); 
     } 
    } 

    /** Generate the tone and inform the user of settings. */ 
    public void setUpSound() { 
     try { 
      generateTone(); 
      setFrequencyLabel(); 
     } catch(Exception e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
     } 
    } 

    /** Provides the frequency at current settings for 
    sample rate & frames per wavelength. */ 
    public float getFrequency() { 
     Integer sR = (Integer)sampleRate.getSelectedItem(); 
     int intST = sR.intValue(); 
     int intFPW = framesPerWavelength.getValue(); 

     return (float)intST/(float)intFPW; 
    } 

    /** Loops the current Clip until a commence false is passed. */ 
    public void loopSound(boolean commence) { 
     if (commence) { 
      clip.setFramePosition(0); 
      clip.loop(Clip.LOOP_CONTINUOUSLY); 
     } else { 
      clip.stop(); 
     } 
    } 

    /** Generates a tone, and assigns it to the Clip. */ 
    public void generateTone() 
     throws LineUnavailableException { 
     if (clip!=null) { 
      clip.stop(); 
      clip.close(); 
     } else { 
      clip = AudioSystem.getClip(); 
     } 
     boolean addHarmonic = harmonic.isSelected(); 

     int intSR = ((Integer)sampleRate.getSelectedItem()).intValue(); 
     int intFPW = framesPerWavelength.getValue(); 

     float sampleRate = (float)intSR; 

     // oddly, the sound does not loop well for less than 
     // around 5 or so, wavelengths 
     int wavelengths = 20; 
     byte[] buf = new byte[2*intFPW*wavelengths]; 
     AudioFormat af = new AudioFormat(
      sampleRate, 
      8, // sample size in bits 
      2, // channels 
      true, // signed 
      false // bigendian 
      ); 

     int maxVol = 127; 
     for(int i=0; i<intFPW*wavelengths; i++){ 
      double angle = ((float)(i*2)/((float)intFPW))*(Math.PI); 
      buf[i*2]=getByteValue(angle); 
      if(addHarmonic) { 
       buf[(i*2)+1]=getByteValue(2*angle); 
      } else { 
       buf[(i*2)+1] = buf[i*2]; 
      } 
     } 

     try { 
      byte[] b = buf; 
      AudioInputStream ais = new AudioInputStream( 
       new ByteArrayInputStream(b), 
       af, 
       buf.length/2); 

      clip.open(ais); 
     } catch(Exception e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
     } 
    } 

    /** Provides the byte value for this point in the sinusoidal wave. */ 
    private static byte getByteValue(double angle) { 
     int maxVol = 127; 
     return (new Integer(
      (int)Math.round(
      Math.sin(angle)*maxVol))). 
      byteValue(); 
    } 
}