Looper.prepare（）を呼び出していないスレッドではトーストできません

Question

私はアンドロイドアプリのテストを実行しようとしていますが、このトレースを取得します。どういう意味ですか？

java.lang.RuntimeException: Can't toast on a thread that has not called Looper.prepare() 
at android.widget.Toast$TN.<init>(Toast.java:390) 
at android.widget.Toast.<init>(Toast.java:114) 
at android.widget.Toast.makeText(Toast.java:277) 
at android.widget.Toast.makeText(Toast.java:267) 
at dev.android.gamex.CatchGame.onDraw(MainActivity.java:317) 
at dev.android.gamex.JamieTest.useAppContext(JamieTest.java:45) 
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) 
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50) 
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) 
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47) 
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325) 
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78) 
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) 
at org.mockito.internal.runners.JUnit45AndHigherRunnerImpl.run(JUnit45AndHigherRunnerImpl.java:37) 
at org.mockito.runners.MockitoJUnitRunner.run(MockitoJUnitRunner.java:62) 
at org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:128) 
at org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:27) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) 
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) 
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137) 
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:115) 
at android.support.test.internal.runner.TestExecutor.execute(TestExecutor.java:58) 
at android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner.onStart(AndroidJUnitRunner.java:375) 
at android.app.Instrumentation$InstrumentationThread.run(Instrumentation.java:2074) 

Tests ran to completion. 

私のテストクラス

package dev.android.gamex; 


import android.content.Context; 
import android.content.res.Resources; 
import android.graphics.Canvas; 
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable; 
import android.support.test.InstrumentationRegistry; 
import android.widget.TextView; 

import org.junit.Ignore; 
import org.junit.Test; 
import org.junit.runner.RunWith; 
import org.mockito.Mock; 
import org.mockito.runners.MockitoJUnitRunner; 

import static junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals; 
import static junit.framework.Assert.assertTrue; 
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is; 
import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat; 
import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock; 
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when; 

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class) 
public class JamieTest { 

    private static final String FAKE_STRING = "HELLO WORLD"; 

    private OnScoreListener onScoreListener = new OnScoreListener() { 
     @Override 
     public void onScore(int score) { 
     } 
    }; 

    @Mock 
    Canvas can; 

    @Test 
    public void useAppContext() throws Exception { 
     Context appContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext(); 
     assertEquals("dev.android.gamex", appContext.getPackageName()); 
     CatchGame cg = new CatchGame(appContext, 5, "Jamie", onScoreListener); 
     cg.initialize(); 
     assertTrue(! cg.gameOver); 
     cg.onDraw(new Canvas()); 
     assertTrue(! cg.paused); 

    } 
} 

私がテストしたいコードは以下の通りです。

package dev.android.gamex; 

import android.content.Context; 
import android.graphics.Bitmap; 
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory; 
import android.graphics.Canvas; 
import android.graphics.Color; 
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable; 
import android.os.Bundle; 
import android.os.Handler; 
import android.support.v4.view.MotionEventCompat; 
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; 
import android.view.Menu; 
import android.view.MenuItem; 
import android.view.MotionEvent; 
import android.view.View; 
import android.view.Window; 
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter; 
import android.widget.Button; 
import android.widget.LinearLayout; 
import android.widget.Spinner; 
import android.widget.TextView; 
import android.widget.Toast; 

import java.util.Random; 

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { 
    CatchGame cg; 
    public TextView textView; 
    public LinearLayout mainLayout; 
    String[] spinnerValue = {"Rookie", "Advanced", "Expert", "Master"}; 
    // start app 
    @Override 
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 
     super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
     mainLayout = new LinearLayout(this); 
     mainLayout.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL); 

     LinearLayout menuLayout = new LinearLayout(this); 
     menuLayout.setBackgroundColor(Color.parseColor("#FFFFFF")); 

     textView = new TextView(this); 
     textView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); 
     String str = "Score: 0"; 
     textView.setText(str); 
     menuLayout.addView(textView); 

     Button button = new Button(this); 
     button.setText("Pause"); 
     button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { 
      @Override 
      public void onClick(View v) { 
       togglePausePlay(); 
      } 
     }); 
     menuLayout.addView(button); 


     Spinner spinner2 =new Spinner(this); 
     ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<>(MainActivity.this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, spinnerValue); 
     spinner2.setAdapter(adapter); 
     menuLayout.addView(spinner2); 

     mainLayout.addView(menuLayout); 

     cg = new CatchGame(this, 5, "Jamie", onScoreListener); 
     cg.setBackground(getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.bg_land_mdpi)); 
     mainLayout.addView(cg); 
     getWindow().requestFeature(Window.FEATURE_ACTION_BAR); 
     getSupportActionBar().hide(); 
     setContentView(mainLayout); 
    } 

    private void togglePausePlay() { 
     if (cg.paused) { 
      // play 
      // getSupportActionBar().hide(); 
      Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Play", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); 
     } else { 
      // pause 
      // getSupportActionBar().show(); 
      Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Pause", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); 
     } 

     cg.paused = !cg.paused; 
    } 

    private OnScoreListener onScoreListener = new OnScoreListener() { 
     @Override 
     public void onScore(int score) { 
      textView.setText("Score: " + score); 
     } 
    }; 

    @Override 
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { 
     // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present. 
     getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main_menu, menu); 
     return true; 
    } 

    // method called when top right menu is tapped 
    @Override 
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) { 
     super.onOptionsItemSelected(item); 
     int difficulty = cg.NBRSTEPS; 
     String name = cg.heroName; 

     switch (item.getItemId()) { 
      case R.id.item11: 
       cg = new CatchGame(this, 3, name, onScoreListener); 
       setContentView(cg); 
       mainLayout.addView(cg); 
       getWindow().requestFeature(Window.FEATURE_ACTION_BAR); 
       getSupportActionBar().hide(); 
       setContentView(mainLayout); 
       return true; 
      case R.id.item12: 
       cg = new CatchGame(this, 5, name, onScoreListener); 
       setContentView(cg); 
       mainLayout.addView(cg); 
       getWindow().requestFeature(Window.FEATURE_ACTION_BAR); 
       getSupportActionBar().hide(); 
       setContentView(mainLayout); 
       return true; 
      case R.id.item13: 
       cg = new CatchGame(this, 7, name, onScoreListener); 
       setContentView(cg); 
       mainLayout.addView(cg); 
       getWindow().requestFeature(Window.FEATURE_ACTION_BAR); 
       getSupportActionBar().hide(); 
       setContentView(mainLayout); 
       return true; 
      case R.id.item14: 
       cg = new CatchGame(this, 9, name, onScoreListener); 
       setContentView(cg); 
       mainLayout.addView(cg); 
       getWindow().requestFeature(Window.FEATURE_ACTION_BAR); 
       getSupportActionBar().hide(); 
       setContentView(mainLayout); 
       return true; 
      case R.id.item15: 
       cg = new CatchGame(this, 11, name, onScoreListener); 
       setContentView(cg); 
       mainLayout.addView(cg); 
       getWindow().requestFeature(Window.FEATURE_ACTION_BAR); 
       getSupportActionBar().hide(); 
       setContentView(mainLayout); 
       return true; 
      case R.id.item21: 
       cg = new CatchGame(this, difficulty, "Jamie", onScoreListener); 
       setContentView(cg); 
       mainLayout.addView(cg); 
       getWindow().requestFeature(Window.FEATURE_ACTION_BAR); 
       getSupportActionBar().hide(); 
       setContentView(mainLayout); 
       return true; 
      case R.id.item22: 
       cg = new CatchGame(this, difficulty, "Spaceship", onScoreListener); 
       setContentView(cg); 
       //mainLayout.addView(cg); 
       //getWindow().requestFeature(Window.FEATURE_ACTION_BAR); 
       getSupportActionBar().hide(); 
       //setContentView(mainLayout); 
       return true; 
      default: 
       cg.paused = true; 
       return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item); 
     } 
    } 

} 

interface OnScoreListener { 
    void onScore(int score); 
} 

class CatchGame extends View { 
    int NBRSTEPS; // number of discrete positions in the x-dimension; must be uneven 
    String heroName; 
    int screenW; 
    int screenH; 
    int[] x; // x-coordinates for falling objects 
    int[] y; // y-coordinates for falling objects 
    int[] hero_positions; // x-coordinates for hero 
    Random random = new Random(); 
    int ballW; // width of each falling object 
    int ballH; // height of ditto 
    float dY; //vertical speed 
    Bitmap falling, hero, jamie2, jamieleft, jamieright; 
    int heroXCoord; 
    int heroYCoord; 
    int xsteps; 
    int score; 
    int offset; 
    boolean gameOver; // default value is false 
    boolean toastDisplayed; 
    boolean paused = false; 

    OnScoreListener onScoreListener; 

    // constructor, load images and get sizes 
    public CatchGame(Context context, int difficulty, String name, OnScoreListener onScoreListener) { 
     super(context); 
     NBRSTEPS = difficulty; 
     heroName = name; 
     this.onScoreListener = onScoreListener; 

     x = new int[NBRSTEPS]; 
     y = new int[NBRSTEPS]; 
     hero_positions = new int[NBRSTEPS]; 
     int resourceIdFalling = 0; 
     int resourceIdHero = 0; 
     if (heroName.equals("Jamie")) { 
      resourceIdFalling = R.mipmap.falling_object2; 
      resourceIdHero = R.drawable.left_side_hdpi; 
      setBackground(getResources().getDrawable(R.mipmap.background)); 
     } 
     if (heroName.equals("Spaceship")) { 
      resourceIdFalling = R.mipmap.falling_object; 
      resourceIdHero = R.mipmap.ufo; 
      setBackground(getResources().getDrawable(R.mipmap.space)); 
     } 
     falling = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), resourceIdFalling); //load a falling image 
     hero = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), resourceIdHero); //load a hero image 
     jamieleft = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.left_side_hdpi); //load a hero image 
     jamieright = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.right_side_hdpi); //load a hero image 

     ballW = falling.getWidth(); 
     ballH = falling.getHeight(); 
    } 

    public CatchGame(Context context, int difficulty, String name, OnScoreListener onScoreListener, Drawable background) { 
     this(context, difficulty, name, onScoreListener); 
     this.setBackground(background); 
    } 

    // set coordinates, etc. 
    void initialize() { 
     if (!gameOver) { // run only once, when the game is first started 
      int maxOffset = (NBRSTEPS - 1)/2; 
      for (int i = 0; i < x.length; i++) { 
       int origin = (screenW/2) + xsteps * (i - maxOffset); 
       x[i] = origin - (ballW/2); 
       hero_positions[i] = origin - hero.getWidth(); 
      } 
      int heroWidth = hero.getWidth(); 
      int heroHeight = hero.getHeight(); 

      hero = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(hero, heroWidth * 2, heroHeight * 2, true); 
      hero = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(hero, heroWidth * 2, heroHeight * 2, true); 
      jamieleft = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(jamieleft, jamieleft.getWidth()* 2, jamieright.getWidth() * 2, true); 
      jamieright = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(jamieright, jamieright.getWidth()* 2, jamieright.getWidth() * 2, true); 

      heroYCoord = screenH - 2 * heroHeight; // bottom of screen 

     } 
     for (int i = 0; i < y.length; i++) { 
      y[i] = -random.nextInt(1000); // place items randomly in vertical direction 
     } 

     offset = (NBRSTEPS - 1)/2; // place hero at centre of the screen 
     heroXCoord = hero_positions[offset]; 

     // initialize or reset global attributes 
     dY = 2.0f; 
     score = 0; 
     gameOver = false; 
     toastDisplayed = false; 
    } 

    // method called when the screen opens 
    @Override 
    public void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) { 
     super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh); 
     screenW = w; 
     screenH = h; 
     xsteps = w/NBRSTEPS; 
     initialize(); 
    } 

    // method called when the "game over" toast has finished displaying 
    void restart(Canvas canvas) { 

     toastDisplayed = true; 
     initialize(); 
     draw(canvas); 
    } 

    // update the canvas in order to display the game action 
    @Override 
    public void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { 
     if (toastDisplayed) { 
      restart(canvas); 
      return; 
     } 
     super.onDraw(canvas); 

     int heroHeight = hero.getHeight(); 
     int heroWidth = hero.getWidth(); 
     int heroCentre = heroXCoord + heroWidth/2; 

     Context context = this.getContext(); 

     // compute locations of falling objects 
     for (int i = 0; i < y.length; i++) { 
      if (!paused) { 
       y[i] += (int) dY; 
      } 
      // if falling object hits bottom of screen 
      if (y[i] > (screenH - ballH) && !gameOver) { 
       dY = 0; 
       gameOver = true; 
       paused = true; 
       int duration = Toast.LENGTH_SHORT; 

       final Toast toast = Toast.makeText(context, "GAME OVER!\nScore: " + score, duration); 
       toast.show(); 
       Handler handler = new Handler(); 
       handler.postDelayed(new Runnable() { 
        @Override 
        public void run() { 
         toast.cancel(); 
         toastDisplayed = true; 
        } 
       }, 3000); 
       //Vibrator v = (Vibrator) context.getSystemService(context.VIBRATOR_SERVICE); 
       // Vibrate for 3000 milliseconds 
       //v.vibrate(3000); 

      } 
      // if the hero catches a falling object 
      if (x[i] < heroCentre && x[i] + ballW > heroCentre && 
        y[i] > screenH - ballH - heroHeight) { 

       y[i] = -random.nextInt(1000); // reset to new vertical position 
       score += 1; 
       onScoreListener.onScore(score); 
      } 

     } 

     canvas.save(); //Save the position of the canvas. 

     for (int i = 0; i < y.length; i++) { 
      canvas.drawBitmap(falling, x[i], y[i], null); //Draw the falling on the canvas. 
     } 
     canvas.drawBitmap(hero, heroXCoord, heroYCoord, null); //Draw the hero on the canvas. 

     canvas.restore(); 
     //Call the next frame. 
     invalidate(); 
    } 

    // event listener for when the user touches the screen 
    @Override 
    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { 
     if (paused) { 
      paused = false; 
     } 
     int action = MotionEventCompat.getActionMasked(event); 
     if (action != MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN || gameOver) { // non-touchdown event or gameover 
      return true; // do nothing 
     } 
     int coordX = (int) event.getX(); 
     int xCentre = (screenW/2) - (hero.getWidth()/2); 
     int maxOffset = hero_positions.length - 1; // can't move outside right edge of screen 
     int minOffset = 0; // ditto left edge of screen 

     if (coordX < xCentre && offset > minOffset) { // touch event left of the centre of screen 
      offset--; // move hero to the left 

      if(coordX < heroXCoord)// + heroWidth/2) 
       hero = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(jamieleft, jamieleft.getWidth() , jamieleft.getHeight() , true); 

     } 
     if (coordX > xCentre && offset < maxOffset) { // touch event right of the centre of screen 
      offset++; // move hero to the right 

      if(coordX > heroXCoord) 
       hero = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(jamieright, jamieright.getWidth() , jamieright.getHeight() , true); 

     } 
     heroXCoord = hero_positions[offset]; 

     return true; 
    } 
} 

リポジトリは、あなたが非UIスレッド上でトーストを表示することはできませんavailable online.

Answer 1

です。メインスレッド内からToast.makeText()（およびUIを扱う他のほとんどの関数）に呼び出す必要があります。

あなたはActivity.runOnUiThread()を使用することができます。

runOnUiThread(new Runnable() { 
     public void run() { 
     final Toast toast = Toast.makeText(context, "GAME OVER!\nScore: " + score, duration); 
     toast.show(); 
     } 
}); 

あなたは、メインスレッド上のインスツルメンテーション・テストを実行したい場合は、@UiThreadTest注釈を追加：

@Test 
@UiThreadTest 
public void useAppContext() { 
    // ... 
} 

シモンズ：説明（使用して他の多くの方法もありますがハンドラー、ルーパー、Observable ..）これらの投稿で：Android: Toast in a threadとCan't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()