のMySQL、このプロパティを持つクエリ10秒の実行

Question

SELECT 
`User`.`id` AS id, 
`User`.`f_name` AS name, 
`User`.`l_name` AS surname, 
`User`.`discharge` AS discharge, SUM(`Hour`.`normal`) + SUM(`Hour`.`full`) + SUM(`Hour`.`half`) workedHours, 
(SUM(Hour.day_off_id = 16))*8 AS hourFracht 
FROM `kadry`.`users` AS `User` 
LEFT JOIN `kadry`.`Hours` AS `Hour` ON (`Hour`.`subordinate_id` = `User`.`id` AND DATE(`Hour`.`date`) BETWEEN '2016-06-01' AND '2016-06-30') 
WHERE (`User`.`discharge` IS NULL OR DATE(`User`.`discharge`) > '2016-06-30') AND `User`.`role` = 'regular' AND `User`.`active` = '1' 
GROUP BY `User`.`id` 
ORDER BY `User`.`assigned` ASC, `User`.`l_name` ASC 

私はテーブルを持っているの最適化：

CREATE TABLE `hours` (
    `id` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, 
    `date` DATE NOT NULL, 
    `hour_from` FLOAT NULL DEFAULT NULL, 
    `hour_to` FLOAT NULL DEFAULT NULL, 
    `subordinate_id` VARCHAR(11) NOT NULL, 
    `supervisor_id` VARCHAR(11) NOT NULL, 
    `max_synchro` TINYINT(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', 
    `day_off_id` SMALLINT(2) NULL DEFAULT NULL, 
    `night` FLOAT NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', 
    `half` FLOAT NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', 
    `full` FLOAT NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', 
    `normal` FLOAT NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', 
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`), 
    UNIQUE INDEX `date` (`date`, `subordinate_id`), 
    INDEX `subordinate_id` (`subordinate_id`), 
    INDEX `supervisor_id` (`supervisor_id`), 
    INDEX `date_2` (`date`), 
    CONSTRAINT `users_id` FOREIGN KEY (`subordinate_id`) REFERENCES `users` (`id`) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE, 
    CONSTRAINT `userssupervisors` FOREIGN KEY (`supervisor_id`) REFERENCES `users` (`id`) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE 
) 
COLLATE='utf8_general_ci' 
ENGINE=InnoDB 
AUTO_INCREMENT=417864 
; 

テーブルの営業時間は40万行を持っていると、クエリが10-13秒 をとる上で、私は何ができるのでしょうか？索引などを追加しますか？

編集

CREATE TABLE `users` (
    `id` VARCHAR(11) NOT NULL COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci', 
    `l_name` VARCHAR(80) NOT NULL COLLATE 'utf8_polish_ci', 
    `f_name` VARCHAR(80) NOT NULL COLLATE 'utf8_polish_ci', 
    `created` DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 
    `department` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci', 
    `username` VARCHAR(40) NULL DEFAULT NULL COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci', 
    `password` VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci', 
    `role` ENUM('admin','regular','superior','manager') NOT NULL DEFAULT 'regular' COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci', 
    `assigned` VARCHAR(15) NULL DEFAULT NULL COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci', 
    `discharge` DATE NULL DEFAULT NULL, 
    `active` TINYINT(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1', 
    `last_entry` DATE NULL DEFAULT NULL, 
    `in_use` VARCHAR(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci', 
    `info` TEXT NULL COLLATE 'utf8_polish_ci', 
    `id_user_card` INT(11) NULL DEFAULT NULL, 
    `email` VARCHAR(50) NULL DEFAULT NULL COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci', 
    `include_raport` TINYINT(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1', 
    `in_collections` TINYINT(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1', 
    `locker_number` INT(11) UNSIGNED NULL DEFAULT NULL, 
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`), 
    INDEX `assigned` (`assigned`), 
    INDEX `role` (`role`), 
    INDEX `active` (`active`), 
    INDEX `id_index` (`id`), 
    INDEX `discharge` (`discharge`), 
    CONSTRAINT `department_id3` FOREIGN KEY (`assigned`) REFERENCES `departments` (`id`) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE 
) 
COLLATE='utf8_polish_ci' 
ENGINE=InnoDB 
; 

Answer 1

まず読みやすくなりますので、私は表の別名で問合せをリライトします：

SELECT u.id, u.f_name AS name, u.l_name AS surname, u.discharge, 
     SUM(h.`normal`) + SUM(h.`full`) + SUM(h.`half`) as workedHours, 
     SUM(h.day_off_id = 16) * 8 AS hourFracht 
FROM `kadry`.`users` u LEFT JOIN 
    `kadry`.`Hours` h 
    ON (h.subordinate_id = u.id AND 
     DATE(h.date) BETWEEN '2016-06-01' AND '2016-06-30') 
WHERE (u.discharge IS NULL OR DATE(u.discharge) > '2016-06-30') AND 
     u.`role` = 'regular' AND u.`active` = '1' 
GROUP BY u.id 
ORDER BY u.`assigned` ASC, `User`.`l_name` ASC; 

インデックスは助けることができます。私はお勧めします：users(role, active, discharge, id)とhours(subordinate_id, date)。